Information technology

Information technology (IT) is the application of computers and telecommunications equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data, often in the context of a business or other enterprise. IT is considered a subset of information and communications technology (ICT). In 2012, Zuppo proposed an ICT hierarchy where each hierarchy level "contain some degree of commonality in that they are related to technologies that facilitate the transfer of information and various types of electronically mediated communications.". Business/IT was one level of the ICT hierarchy.

The term is commonly used as a synonym for computers and computer networks, but it also encompasses other information distribution technologies such as television and telephones. Several industries are associated with information technology, including computer hardware, software, electronics, semiconductors, internet, telecom equipment, engineering, healthcare, e-commerce and computer services.

Humans have been storing, retrieving, manipulating and communicating information since the Sumerians in Mesopotamia developed writing in about 3000 BC, but the term information technology in its modern sense first appeared in a 1958 article published in the Harvard Business Review; authors Harold J. Leavitt and Thomas L. Whisler commented that "the new technology does not yet have a single established name. We shall call it information technology (IT)." Their definition consists of three categories: techniques for processing, the application of statistical and mathematical methods to decision-making, and the simulation of higher-order thinking through computer programs.

Essential

Essential or essentials may refer to:

Biology

Groups and organizations

Albums

Essentials (magazine)

Essentials is a British lifestyle magazine published by IPC Media, part of Time Inc.

History and profile

Essentials was launched in April 1988 in London, England. It has several international editions. The French edition of the magazine is published under the name of Avantages.

The circulation of Essentials was 106,648 copies between July and December 2013.

References

External links

The Essentials (The Cars album)

The Essentials by The Cars is a compilation of hits released by WEA International in 2005.

Track listing

All songs written and composed by Ric Ocasek. 

Personnel

References